Today, only a handful of Tesla Roadsters have been sold Chevy Volt, Nissan Leafs, Fisker Karma and Mitsubishi MiEV. But can the next few years sales of electricity and achieve plug-in hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles 1 percent per year market for new cars, huge, about 150,000 cars. Toyota, the current market leader in sales, mainly nickel-metal hydride (NiMH). But many of the newer plug-in hybrids and pure electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, which currently can be provided as the best battery technology for the selection, performance and stress.And the next all-electric Prius and RAV4 and the Prius plug-in hybrid with lithium-ion technology.
But while the lithium-ion technology is a step forward, let's face it: the battery is still the weak link in the value of this car compared to the existing gasoline and diesel engines. None of the traditional all-electric vehicles can travel over 100 miles per hour, and some much less. Electric drives are expensive, costing maybe 50 percent more than a gasoline equivalent. So what other options could get to the battery to increase coverage, reduce costs, and generally push EVs into the future? Here is a look at the new battery techcurrently developed in universities, think tanks and public companies across the country.
Carbon nanotube-lithium electrode
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
With layers of fibers of carbon nanotubes-microscopic cables with a strong scientific relatively large at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), (to develop electrode through which electrons flow from a battery) a cathode liberate able ions and very positive to store more than a conventional lithium battery. The idea is that this new cathode, the amount of energy is stored in a battery, can increase the electrical machine and the flow of electricity to ten times as compared to existing products. The development of this new battery cathodes could can also help strengthen the semiconductor capacitors, or a combination of battery / capacitor, a shop and have much more power than either device alone today.
Nanotubes in a demonstration uses MIT 2010 are commercially available, but because of the time, development and testing are potentially marketable electrodes of the battery / capacitor of at least five years. In combination with a typical new car development for five years, could be a decade before we see them from the hybrid battery / capacitor in a production area EV.
Copper cathode, lithium nanowires
Colorado State University
This battery was developed at Colorado State University to replace the porous electrode and conductive graphite with thin copper wire under a microscope. 3D is a device known as the little boy one-thousandth the thickness of a human hair, ion can assume, the entire surface is sufficient to record on a cool surface.Copper is less sensitive to heat than other materials, and its ability to store ions may be greater than the currently used graphite in lithium batteries.
It can remove the nanowire lithium battery, and allow much more power than conventional lithium batteries for electric cars. And the idea of the original battery, first discussed in 2005, has grown from a mere concept in 2009, proof of concept has taken over this year. The supplied battery as increased deposition of energy supply, a commercial enterprise in the new media of the Department of Energy, which is funded by producing electric cars.
Lithium Air Carbon
IBM
Companies that could be positioned for a profitable future in the design of the manna that its battery technology, the best way for electric vehicles. IBM is one of the competitors. The aim is to increase the area of the car battery range of 500 miles. This would go on to the owner of Los Angeles to Phoenix left with a single charge and still have enough juice to cruise into town for a day or two.
For this purpose the company is developing a lithium-air, the potential energy density is much higher than current lithium-ion batteries. IBM says its battery can last much longer during charging, since (think like the breathing of the battery), the carbon electrodes where the ions react with oxygen is used, or that the oxygen does not reduce the supporting electrolyte. IBM holds Keeping Mum on their new technology, oxygen under control, but he says it was developed at the molecular level. Battery technology should be commercially available to manufacturers of electric cars in 2020.
Lithium-silicon
Northwestern University
Harold H. Kung in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science Computer Science at Northwestern University are working on a way to make silicon-carbon electrodes, instead of using in the hope of a battery with higher capacity and thus to establish a level of reporting. Kung said the development of more flexible silicon electrodes tend to expand and contract as it absorbs and releases ions to the inclusion of a lithium-ion can contain many times more. And such a battery would be able to move faster and to reduce the ionic load time fast enough for an electric vehicle.
Capacitor Hybrid carbon foam
Michigan Technological University
Scientists have paved the way to Michigan Tech Flow a storage unit to work the storage density of a chemical battery with the delivery of energy efficiency of a capacitor in the solid state connection. A remarkable feature: with one carbon foam as the cathode in order to increase the storage capacity. With a carbon anode, the hybrid capacitor / battery, not only weighs less than a conventional lithium battery, but offers much more than its typical load of a capacitor. The device can be recharged hundreds of times without any signs of diminished capacity.
Lithium-polymer silicone
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (U.S. Department of Energy)
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California are developing a lithium battery, the higher energy savings than those in cars today. E, such as silicon Lithia lithium polymer battery, as opposed to other projects using silicon electrodes, known through a specially developed polymer structure of the electrodes in order to extend the contract and receive.
Carbon nanofibers lithium-sulfur
Stanford University
Stanford scientists say, except that present the capacity of the silicon, lithium-ion electrodes many more, it is an attractive choice to increase the power density of the batteries. But there is a problem: the silicon increases significantly when it absorbs ions, and this movement tends to break the web from the conductivity of the anode. However, reduced nano-fibers of silicon this effect. In addition, it allows the team coated carbon nanotubes with sulfur inside its batteries to store up to ten times the energy of conventional lithium batteries. They also say that sulfur is an electrode, ecological (and economic) are there because they are readily available and nontoxic.
Nanocomposite carbon-composite lithium-manganese / silicon
Envia Systems
Envia is a property development main cathode material of manganese, a rich metal which is stable when used in the battery. Manganese is also cheaper than cobalt cathode materials most frequently Envia. The company is funded by the U.S. automobile manufacturers and energy agencies of the federal government, California will continue to be the battery for commercial use to develop, said that the battery could be a range of 300 miles in an EV to be.
A new life for the 12-volt batteryBut while the lithium-ion technology is a step forward, let's face it: the battery is still the weak link in the value of this car compared to the existing gasoline and diesel engines. None of the traditional all-electric vehicles can travel over 100 miles per hour, and some much less. Electric drives are expensive, costing maybe 50 percent more than a gasoline equivalent. So what other options could get to the battery to increase coverage, reduce costs, and generally push EVs into the future? Here is a look at the new battery techcurrently developed in universities, think tanks and public companies across the country.
Carbon nanotube-lithium electrode
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
With layers of fibers of carbon nanotubes-microscopic cables with a strong scientific relatively large at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), (to develop electrode through which electrons flow from a battery) a cathode liberate able ions and very positive to store more than a conventional lithium battery. The idea is that this new cathode, the amount of energy is stored in a battery, can increase the electrical machine and the flow of electricity to ten times as compared to existing products. The development of this new battery cathodes could can also help strengthen the semiconductor capacitors, or a combination of battery / capacitor, a shop and have much more power than either device alone today.
Nanotubes in a demonstration uses MIT 2010 are commercially available, but because of the time, development and testing are potentially marketable electrodes of the battery / capacitor of at least five years. In combination with a typical new car development for five years, could be a decade before we see them from the hybrid battery / capacitor in a production area EV.
Copper cathode, lithium nanowires
Colorado State University
This battery was developed at Colorado State University to replace the porous electrode and conductive graphite with thin copper wire under a microscope. 3D is a device known as the little boy one-thousandth the thickness of a human hair, ion can assume, the entire surface is sufficient to record on a cool surface.Copper is less sensitive to heat than other materials, and its ability to store ions may be greater than the currently used graphite in lithium batteries.
It can remove the nanowire lithium battery, and allow much more power than conventional lithium batteries for electric cars. And the idea of the original battery, first discussed in 2005, has grown from a mere concept in 2009, proof of concept has taken over this year. The supplied battery as increased deposition of energy supply, a commercial enterprise in the new media of the Department of Energy, which is funded by producing electric cars.
Lithium Air Carbon
IBM
Companies that could be positioned for a profitable future in the design of the manna that its battery technology, the best way for electric vehicles. IBM is one of the competitors. The aim is to increase the area of the car battery range of 500 miles. This would go on to the owner of Los Angeles to Phoenix left with a single charge and still have enough juice to cruise into town for a day or two.
For this purpose the company is developing a lithium-air, the potential energy density is much higher than current lithium-ion batteries. IBM says its battery can last much longer during charging, since (think like the breathing of the battery), the carbon electrodes where the ions react with oxygen is used, or that the oxygen does not reduce the supporting electrolyte. IBM holds Keeping Mum on their new technology, oxygen under control, but he says it was developed at the molecular level. Battery technology should be commercially available to manufacturers of electric cars in 2020.
Lithium-silicon
Northwestern University
Harold H. Kung in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science Computer Science at Northwestern University are working on a way to make silicon-carbon electrodes, instead of using in the hope of a battery with higher capacity and thus to establish a level of reporting. Kung said the development of more flexible silicon electrodes tend to expand and contract as it absorbs and releases ions to the inclusion of a lithium-ion can contain many times more. And such a battery would be able to move faster and to reduce the ionic load time fast enough for an electric vehicle.
Capacitor Hybrid carbon foam
Michigan Technological University
Scientists have paved the way to Michigan Tech Flow a storage unit to work the storage density of a chemical battery with the delivery of energy efficiency of a capacitor in the solid state connection. A remarkable feature: with one carbon foam as the cathode in order to increase the storage capacity. With a carbon anode, the hybrid capacitor / battery, not only weighs less than a conventional lithium battery, but offers much more than its typical load of a capacitor. The device can be recharged hundreds of times without any signs of diminished capacity.
Lithium-polymer silicone
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (U.S. Department of Energy)
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California are developing a lithium battery, the higher energy savings than those in cars today. E, such as silicon Lithia lithium polymer battery, as opposed to other projects using silicon electrodes, known through a specially developed polymer structure of the electrodes in order to extend the contract and receive.
Carbon nanofibers lithium-sulfur
Stanford University
Stanford scientists say, except that present the capacity of the silicon, lithium-ion electrodes many more, it is an attractive choice to increase the power density of the batteries. But there is a problem: the silicon increases significantly when it absorbs ions, and this movement tends to break the web from the conductivity of the anode. However, reduced nano-fibers of silicon this effect. In addition, it allows the team coated carbon nanotubes with sulfur inside its batteries to store up to ten times the energy of conventional lithium batteries. They also say that sulfur is an electrode, ecological (and economic) are there because they are readily available and nontoxic.
Nanocomposite carbon-composite lithium-manganese / silicon
Envia Systems
Envia is a property development main cathode material of manganese, a rich metal which is stable when used in the battery. Manganese is also cheaper than cobalt cathode materials most frequently Envia. The company is funded by the U.S. automobile manufacturers and energy agencies of the federal government, California will continue to be the battery for commercial use to develop, said that the battery could be a range of 300 miles in an EV to be.
Absorbed Glass Mat silica gel lead
It is always important to have a 12-volt battery in electric and hybrid cars. Why?Since all cars today have "vampire loads" of computers, clocks and remote control of lights and locks that require a separate power supply from the battery to drive the wheels. The newest 12-volt lead-acid batteries are sealed units called acid absorbed glass mat (AGM). Sulfuric acid electrolyte AGM is included a mat of glass fibers, and in combination with a gel instead of liquid electrolyte. Hybrid crystal MAT / gel batteries are a good economic use of boats and cars, how to keep such as lead-acid batteries often charge for one year and provide greater durability than traditional AGM without gel.
The development of new silica gel and glass mat, which remains in contact with the electrodes and the electrodes of the lead-calcium battery has such a more accessible.
Article Source: http://www.popularmechanics.com
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